4.9 Catholic Conference on Industrial ProblemsĬolonial era In general.4.6 28th International Eucharistic Congress.4.4 Bishops' Program of Social Reconstruction.By 2016, more Catholics (owing to their numbers) had college degrees (26% of 70 million) and earned over $100,000 (36% of 70 million) than any other religious group. In the 2014 Religious Landscape Survey published by the Pew Research Center, 20.8% of Americans identified themselves as Catholic. After 1980, the Catholic bishops became involved in politics, especially on issues relating to abortion and sexuality. As the Catholic colleges and universities matured, questions were raised about their adherence to orthodox Catholic theology. The Catholic population was sustained by a large influx from Mexico (ironically, settling in California and Texas, former territories and provinces of Mexico) and from other Latin American nations. After 1960, the number of priests and nuns fell rapidly and new vocations were few. The Catholic population was primarily working-class until after World War II when it increasingly moved into white-collar status and left the inner city for the suburbs. Many young women became nuns, typically working as teachers and nurses. Many priests arrived from France and Ireland, but by 1900 Catholic seminaries were producing a sufficient supply of priests. Each diocese set up a network of parishes, schools, colleges, hospitals, orphanages and other charitable institutions.
During this same period, the Catholic Church in the East and mid-West grew through immigration overseas, especially from Europe (Germany and Ireland at first, and in 1890-1914 from Italy, Poland and Eastern Europe.) In the nineteenth century the Church set up an elaborate infrastructure, based on diocese run by bishops appointed by the pope. The former territories of France, Spain, Mexico and the domains of the Native Peoples at the time were then opened up to East Coast, Southern and mid-Western Americans, primarily Protestant, migrating westward. The Catholic Church in the United States began in the colonial era, but by the mid-1800's, most of the Spanish, French, and Mexican influences had institutionally and demographically faded, owing to the Louisiana Purchase (1803) and the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (1848). San Miguel Mission, in Santa Fe, New Mexico, established in 1610, is the oldest church in the United States.
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